The First Committee of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society of Guangdong Province
陈创奇,中山大学附属第一医院胃肠外科中心,广州 510080 Email:chenchqi@mail.sysu.edu.cn Chen Chuangqi, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China Email: chenchqi@mail.sysu.edu.cn
为进一步优化围手术期管理,从而控制手术应激、降低并发症发生率、促进术后快速康复、缩短住院时间、降低医疗费用,加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念已被广泛应用于普通外科、妇产科、骨科、泌尿外科、神经外科、胸心外科等专科,取得良好的疗效。其中结直肠外科是ERAS临床应用最为成熟、循证医学证据最为充分的领域,但其聚焦的主要病种是结直肠肿瘤[6],而对于ERAS能否安全地应用于发病年龄更小、营养状态更差、术前药物治疗更复杂的IBD患者[7],目前循证医学证据较少[8],未见相关共识或指南。为此,广东省医学会加速康复外科学分会组织普通外科、消化内科、麻醉科、营养科等相关学科的专家共同制定本共识,以进一步规范ERAS在IBD围手术期管理中的应用。
因此,术前应常规进行营养风险筛查与评估。推荐采用术前营养风险筛查工具2002(nutritional risk screening tools 2002,NRS-2002)评分作为营养风险筛查工具[57]。建议将IBD患者的营养状况分为重度营养不良(≥9分)、中度营养不良(4~8分)以及营养正常(0~3分)。NRS-2002评分≥3分者具有营养风险。推荐使用患者整体营养状况评估表(scored patient-generated subjective global assessment)[58]进行主观营养评估。客观营养状况评估常用的指标有体质量、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、三头肌皮褶厚度、血清白蛋白等。术前营养支持可明显改善IBD患者的体质量、BMI、去脂体质量、去脂体质指数和相位角[59]。近年来,各种新的营养评估指标和风险筛查工具正受到越来越多的重视,如肌少症(sarcopenia)和全球领导人营养不良倡议(global leadership initiative on malnutrition,GLIM)标准[60,61]。与传统方法相比,肌少症和GLIM在IBD患者营养不良诊断敏感度和不良结局预测价值等方面可能更具优势[62,63]。
富含细菌的大肠内容物的术野污染是结直肠外科术后手术部位感染(surgical site infection,SSI)的重要原因,也是术后吻合漏发生的高危因素之一[66]。对于CD小肠、右半结肠切除手术及UC全结肠切除患者,无需常规行术前肠道准备,这有利于维持原来的肠道微生态,促进术后肠功能的恢复,且不增加吻合口漏及手术部位感染的发生率[67]。
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